
Avenue of Spies: A True Story of Terror, Espionage,
and One American Family's Heroic Resistance in Nazi-Occupied Paris by Alex
Kershaw
There are numerous stories of courage and self-sacrifice during the Nazi occupation of Paris during WWII, many of which have been forgotten or are unknown. This is one of them.
Sumner Jackson, an American physician and WWI veteran, his
Swiss-born-naturalized-American wife, Toquette, and their son, Phillip, lived
in Paris, where Dr. Jackson was head surgeon at the American Hospital. The Jacksons
had the opportunity to leave Paris before the Nazis invaded but refused to do
so. They realized that Sumner’s skills as a doctor and surgeon would be needed
to treat the wounded and dying French soldiers.
Paris was occupied by the Nazis in June 1940. At that time,
the United States was still neutral, and it appeared the American Hospital would
be safe. Because of the Jackson’s love of Paris and France they decided to
assist the French Resistance by hiding members of the resistance in the
hospital to prevent their capture by the Nazis.
Their dangerous situation worsened when the Gestapo and the
SS set up headquarters on Avenue Foch, practically next door to the Jackson’s
apartment. Still, they continued to work with the Resistance. In December 1941,
Hitler declared war on the United States, which made the Jacksons suspects.
Avenue of Spies is a record of what happened after
Sumner, Toquette, and Phillip were arrested. They were political prisoners,
were separated from one another, and suffered horribly in concentration camps.
Their story is so disturbing it sounds like fiction. We know better, it is a history
of the inhumane methods used by the Nazis when dealing with political opponents.
How the Word Is Passed: A Reckoning with the History
of Slavery Across America by Clint Smith
Starting in his hometown, New Orleans, Smith leads us on a tour of monuments and landmarks-those that are honest about the past and some that are not. Smith traveled to Monticello, Whitney Planation, Angola Prison, Blandford Cemetery, Galveston Island, and New York City – which had the second-largest slave market in our country. (I did not know that!) Then he traveled to Goree Island, Senegal where Africans were loaded on ships for their trip into American slavery.
“How do you tell a story that had been told the wrong
way for so long?”
The place I found most interesting was Smith’s experience at
a Memorial Day ceremony in Blandford Cemetery, Petersburg, Virginia. After
listening to the keynote speaker from the Sons of Confederate Veterans, he
noted: “I was fascinated by the conciliatory equivocation of his tone, and
his desire to … assimilate the memory of the Confederacy more fully into the US
military … just as those who had fought in WWI, WWII, Korea, Vietnam, and Iraq.
It did not seem to matter that they had fought AGAINST the United States.”
“History is the story of the past, using all available
facts, nostalgia is a fantasy about the past using no facts … history is about
what you need to know but nostalgia is what you want to hear.”
Many people Smith spoke with repeatedly insisted that the
Civil War was not about slavery. Here are just a few historical facts from the
secession documents which explain why states left the Union to form a separate nation,
the Confederate States of America:
Mississippi: “Our position is thoroughly identified with
the institution of slavery.”
Louisiana: “The people of slaveholding States are bound
together by the same necessity and determination to preserve African slavery.”
Texas: “The African race are rightfully held and
regarded as inferior.”
Then there is the Constitution of the Confederate States,
Article IV, Section 3: “The institution of slavery, as it now exists
in the Confederate States, shall be recognized and protected.”
How did a Son of the Confederate Veterans respond when asked
to reckon with the fact that his ancestors fought a war to keep African
Americans enslaved? In short, he
responded, “You’re asking me to agree that my great-grandparents and
great-great-grandparents were monsters.” Obviously accepting historical
reality would mean the deterioration of a nostalgic story that has long been
part of his, and many other family lineages, and the disintegration of who they
believed themselves to be. Family stories can become embedded in
our identities in ways we are not fully aware of. This is why it is important
to differentiate between history based on reliable and authoritative sources and
nostalgia based on stories we want to believe.
“Just because something is difficult to accept doesn’t
mean you shouldn’t accept it. Just because someone tells you a story doesn’t
make that story true.”
Luke Fitzwilliam, a military policeman recently returned from the far east, encounters an old lady on a train. She tells him she is off to Scotland Yard to try and stop yet another murder in her small village. Luke listens to her story but feels she is just an “old lady” and humors her with his attention. A few days later two news articles grabbed Luke’s attention. One reports the death of the old lady in a hit and run on a London street (before she gets to Scotland Yard). The other is a report of the death of a man she had mentioned. Luke begins to wonder if she was indeed telling the truth.
Luke decides he will investigate. A good friend introduces
him to an acquaintance who happens to live in the same village as the old lady.
Luke arrives with a cover story to explain his presence and begins to
investigate.
Spider’s Web adapted by Charles Osborne from a play by Agatha Christie
Clarissa, the wife of a Foreign Office diplomat, discovers a body in the drawing room of her house in Kent. Desperate to dispose of the body before her husband comes home with an important foreign politician, Clarissa persuades her three house guests to become accessories and accomplices. But things don’t go as planned. An unknown person has called the police to report the murder, and they arrive before the body is removed. The search for the murderer and the motive begins.
Clarissa is like a spider as she weaves webs of lies. Each
time the police inspector sees through one of her lies, he persuades her to
tell the truth. However, Clarissa then tells a different story each time.
One of the things I enjoy about Agatha Christie is her
descriptions of people; she has a way of describing people in unflattering but
amusing ways. Clarissa was initially humorous, but as the story progressed, I
found her lying to be annoying. The ending was a surprise, which is probably
due to the “spider’s web” of lies that preceded it!
Towards Zero by
Agatha Christie
‘I like a good detective story. But, you know, they begin in the wrong place! They begin with the murder. But the murder is the end. The story begins long before that– years before sometimes– with all the causes and events that bring certain people to a certain place at a certain time on a certain day.”
That is exactly what I love about Towards Zero! Christie
really sets the stage and takes her time before getting to the actual mystery
portion of the story. It works well though because you are getting bits and
pieces of relevant information about the characters along the way.
Publisher’s Description: “An elderly widow is murdered at
a clifftop seaside house...What is the connection between a failed suicide
attempt, a wrongful accusation of theft against a schoolgirl, and the romantic
life of a famous tennis player? To the casual observer, apparently nothing. But
when a house party gathers at Gull's Point, the seaside home of an elderly
widow, earlier events come to a dramatic head. It's all part of a carefully
laid plan - for murder...”
A Man Without a Country by Kurt Vonnegut Jr.
Written 20 years ago, A Man Without a Country is a collection of humorous and angry essays about the state of the world with an emphasis on the United States. Vonnegut was 82 years old when he wrote this book. Two years later he was dead. This book may possibly be the closest thing to his memoir. It is filled with his unique perspective on the world and sharp wit. Vonnegut is interesting, down-to-earth, and funny as he goes on rants about America, people in general, and all the things he's seen during his life.
"But I am eighty-two. Thanks a lot, you dirty rats.
The last thing I ever wanted was to be alive when the three most powerful
people on the whole planet would be named Bush, Dick and Colon.”
Vonnegut's political hero was the socialist Eugene Debs. But he saw no real hope for thinkers such as Debs to save the world. He thought the rich, the corporations, and the politicians just don't care about kindness, compassion, or generosity. Given our current situation, I appreciate his bleak honesty.
“The biggest truth to face now – what is probably making
me unfunny now for the remainder of my life – is that I don't think people give
a damn whether the planet goes or not. It seems to me as if everyone is living
as members of Alcoholics Anonymous do, day by day. And a few more days will be
enough. I know of very few people who are dreaming of a world for their
grandchildren.”
Fiction: French Literature
The Stranger by Albert Camus, translated from
the French by Stuart Gilbert
Publisher’s Description: “Published in 1942 by French author Albert Camus, The Stranger has long been considered a classic of twentieth-century literature. Le Monde ranks it as number one on its "100 Books of the Century" list. Through this story of an ordinary man unwittingly drawn into a senseless murder on a sundrenched Algerian beach, Camus explores what he termed "the nakedness of man faced with the absurd."
How the story begins: "Mother died today. Or maybe
yesterday; I can't be sure."
Meursault, the main character, is a man without feelings and
incapable of feeling remorse or indeed any emotion. Those deficiencies are
evident at his mother’s death when he does not cry (not even when he is alone)
and does not even seem upset. Later he agrees, without reservation, to write a
letter for a friend. The letter is an invitation for his friend’s ex-girlfriend
to come to his apartment so his friend can beat her up. He has no remorse for
his role in the woman’s beating. His inability to feel any emotion is
dramatically revealed when he shoots a stranger after an altercation on the
beach. Five shots: first one, a pause, and then four more. The “four more” is
what eventually gets him convicted.
“Since we're all going to die,’ it's obvious that when
and how don't matter.”- Meursault
What is up with Meursault? Why doesn’t he “feel?” Maybe
Meursault has Alexithymia.
It is a personality condition characterized by the inability to identify and
describe emotions in oneself. Individuals suffering from this dysfunction also
find it difficult to distinguish and appreciate the feelings of others, which
leads to a hopeless and meaningless life.
“What did other people's deaths or a mother's love matter
to me; what did his God or the lives people choose or the fate they think they
elect matter to me.” - Mersault
Meursault is a stranger. A stranger to himself. A stranger
to others. A stranger to life. A stranger to everything. So, what is the point
of this novella? Should we contemplate the existence or absence of empathy in
our lives? Will this knowledge lead us
to live a better life and to help others to do the same? Does Camus want us to
avoid being “a stranger?” (I would answer, “Yes!”)
I found The Stranger to be a weird, yet
thought-provoking novella. It is no wonder Camus won a Nobel Prize for Literature!
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